![]() These nerves are responsible for providing necessary sensory information for things such as smell, taste, hearing, and sight. There are twelve cranial nerves that are responsible for controlling the cranial cavity. Cerebrospinal Fluid occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. The Cerebrospinal Fluid serves a vital function in the cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. The meninges are the three membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal, and enclose the brain and spinal cord. Lateralisation is the theory that one hemisphere is dominant over the other/responsible for particular physical and psychological functions. Localisation is the theory that specific areas of the brain are associated with/responsible for particular physical and psychological functions. Our understanding of the specific functions of the cerebral cortex are based on the theories of localisation and lateralisation. The two hemispheres are divided into four lobes, distinct sections of the organ: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. ![]() Its neuron cell bodies, dendrites, synapses, axons, and axon terminals play a crucial role in consciousness. The cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded grey matter. It is responsible for integrating complex sensory and neural functions, and subsequently initiating and coordinating voluntary activity in the body. The cerebrum is the most anterior part of the brain, located in the top half of the skull, consisting of two hemispheres separated by a fissure and connected by the corpus callosum. One of the major glands are controlled through this cavity. The body's temperature, physical, and sexual functions are regulated by this gland. The gland secretes different fluids that are important for the body to function. It plays a major role in the body, creating and secreting many bodily hormones. The pituitary gland is also found in the make up of the cranial cavity. The eight bones are blended together to form the cranial cavity. The occipital bone found in the rear of the skull is thicker to limit fractures caused by blows to the back of the head. Also there are the two parietal bones and the two temporal bones, which are a part of the dorsal cavity located on the posterior of the body. ![]() The latter is the thickest and outermost of the three membrane layers it contains the most collagen, and it is derived from the mesoderm - the middle germ layer or the primary layer of the cells formed in embryogenic development via epigenetic effects induced by developmental cues, in the early embryo. The three meninges are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, in which the central nervous system developed, which are the pia mater, the arachnoid mater, and the dura mater. The dorsal cavity is lined by the three meninges. The occipital bone is at the back of the skull. It is a part of the dorsal cavity the cranial cavity and the spinal cord. The ethmoid bone is the bone at the roof of the nose that separates the naval cavity from the brain. The frontal and sphenoid bones are towards the front middle of the skull and in front of the temporal bone. There are only eight cranial bones: The occipital, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, two parietal, and two temporal bones are fused together by the ossification of fixed fibrous sutures. ![]() Facial bones of the skull are not included in the cranial cavity. The spaces between meninges and the brain are filled with a clear cerebrospinal fluid, increasing the protection of the brain. The capacity of an adult human cranial cavity is 1,200–1,700 cm 3. Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges caused by bacterial or viral infections. Meninges are protective membranes that surround the brain to minimize damage to the brain in the case of head trauma. The remainder of the skull is called the facial skeleton. The cavity is formed by eight cranial bones known as the neurocranium that in humans includes the skull cap and forms the protective case around the brain. The skull minus the mandible is called the cranium. The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull that accommodates the brain. ![]()
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